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Northeast Colorado Conference Discusses HIV/AIDS Needs Assessment Findings
Rural Solutions, an organization in northeast Colorado, held the "Community HIV/AIDS Education and Action Conference" as part of its ongoing effort to address issues related to HIV, the Sterling Journal-Advocate reports. At the conference, the organization presented the results of a recent needs assessment of HIV/AIDS services in the northeastern part of the state - conducted in partnership with the Center for Research Strategies and funded through the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment - which found that HIV prevention services in the area are limited; barriers exist for HIV testing including confidentiality and costs; and mental health and substance use services for at-risk people also are limited, according to the Journal-Advocate (Jones, Sterling Journal-Advocate, 6/17).
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Another JDRF Partner Moves Research Forward With Collaboration Agreement For Diabetes Treatment
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation said recently that for the fourth time in 18 months, one of its biotech partners has signed a collaboration agreement with a large pharmaceutical company to move research on type 1 diabetes into the final phases of trials.
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Oregon Gov. Signs Sex Education Bill; Tenn. Rep. Withdraws Bill To Give Parents Record Access
The following summarizes recent action on reproductive health-related legislation in two states.~ Oregon: Gov. Ted Kulongoski (D) on Tuesday signed a measure (H.B. 2509) that requires school districts to provide students in all public elementary and secondary schools with medically accurate, age-appropriate sex education courses, KOHD.com reports. The law stipulates that schools emphasize the best way for students to prevent pregnancy and reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infections is to practice abstinence and that the best approach for adults is to engage in mutually monogamous relationships with partners without STIs. In addition, the law requires that students be given current, statistically based information about the efficacy of all methods of preventing STIs. The measure also requires that sex education courses include instruction on the benefits of delaying pregnancy until after adolescence, as well as information about the characteristics of an emotionally and physically healthy relationship. The law directs schools to provide students with information on state laws related to young people"s rights and responsibilities with regard to childbearing and parenting (KOHD.com, 6/2).~ Tennessee: State Rep. Tony Shipley (R) on Tuesday withdrew from consideration a bill (H.B. 1762) he sponsored that would have given parents full access to their children"s medical records, the AP/Chattanooga Times Free Press reports. Under the measure, physicians would have been required to provide written results of any tests or procedures performed on minors upon request from their parents or guardians. The measure could have jeopardized about $6.5 million in federal family planning funding that is attached to privacy requirements, according to legislative analysts (AP/Chattanooga Times Free Press, 6/2).
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Early Treatment Of Systemic Onset JIA With Anakinra Restores The IL-18 Response

First line treatment with anakinra (an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist), results in a "good" clinical response (ACRp90) in patients newly diagnosed with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA), and restores the deficient IL-18 response of natural killer (NK) cells*, according to a new study presented recently at PReS 2009, a joint congress with the 2009 Congress of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) in Copenhagen, Denmark. During the six month study, numbers of NK cells slightly increased initially but remained stable throughout treatment with anakinra, although specific lysis (the death of a cell by breaking of the cellular membrane) was restored to normal within just three days. Interestingly, the NK cell response after IL-18 stimulation was restored and sustained at normal levels, as seen in healthy children, during the follow up period - suggesting that anakinra was able to mediate levels of cells involved in the immune response. JIA is the most common form of persistent arthritis in children under the age of 16 years. It differs significantly from arthritis commonly seen in adults (such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) as, in addition to inflammation of the joints, there may also be inflammation of the eyes and internal organs, as well as skin rash (exanthema) and fever. Children with SoJIA, a subtype of JIA, are known to have defective NK cell function which compromises their immune systems, since NK cells (a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte, or white blood cell, that is capable of killing infected cells) play a major role in the rejection of cells infected by viruses and malfunctioning cell types including those commonly found in tumours. Dr Wilco de Jager of the University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands, who led the study, said: "In patients with SoJIA, the essential cell-based regulatory systems that make up cell based immunity are impaired. Our study has shown that, once NK cell levels and function are restored to normal, the cytokine pathway specifically involving IL-18 is restored, which elicited a good clinical response in this patient group. The underlying processes involved in auto inflammatory diseases are complex and these results suggest a potential new treatment strategy for children with newly-diagnosed SoJIA." Researchers in this study recruited ten children with newly-diagnosed SoJIA, initiating treatment with anakinra prior to steroids. During a six month follow-up period, absolute NK cell numbers and function, cytokine profiles, and NK cell response after IL-18 stimulation, were monitored. Following treatment, clinical parameters such as fever, exanthema and arthritis resolved after 3 days. A rapid decrease in ESR (erythrocyte sediment rate; an indication of inflammation), CRP (C reactive protein; a marker for inflammation), ferritin (a test of iron stores in the body) and sIL-2R (soluble interleukin 2 receptor) was observed. No differences of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33 were observed, but levels of IL-6, IL-1RA and IL-18 returned to normal, as observed in healthy controls. During follow-up, two patients flared following anakinra treatment. *NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses. The cells kill by releasing small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called perforin and granzyme that cause the target cell to die by apoptosis or necrosis. Abstract Number: OP-0208 Rory Berrie European League Against Rheumatism


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